Introduction: Goal of EVALUATION is judgment about education quality and defines points of weak and strength, for achievement to educational goals and promotion of quality. INTERNAL EVALUATION is the best method to achieve this goal performing by member of department. The purpose of this study was INTERNAL EVALUATION of medical – surgical nursing department of Semnan university of medical sciences for quality development.Materials and Methods: This study was preformed in the medical – surgical nursing GROUP of Semnan university of medical sciences. Context, Input, Process, Product, Outcome (CIPP) decision making facilitation model was used and the subjects that should be evaluated were determined. The characteristics of every desirable condition and their indicators determined for input, educational process and output index were determined. Data collection method was questionnaire and checklist. Questionnaire was rating by Lickert scale from such as excellent,good, average, weakness and very weakness (1-5 score). For equipment EVALUATION 3 degree scale and 5 for perfect, 3 for imperfect and 1 for non – existence were used. Society and sample of EVALUATION were faculty members and support man power and nursing students. The final score was obtained as the average of all scores and then interpreted according to Gourman’s classification. Results: The number of GROUP manpower got the least score (1.32), education course achieved the highest score (3.86). Students ranked high scores (4.23) to own their teachers in process of theory lessons, but teachers took low score (3.01) in clinical teaching. Output of educational system is the graduated and achievement of new knowledge. Score of graduated skills was 1 and faculty members in creating new knowledge were 2.84. Conclusion: The score of medical – surgical nursing GROUP in all evaluated field was 2.86. Thus on the basis of Gourman’s classification it stands in higher satisfied ranking. Preparation of ogbook, specific journals and educational films, provision of PBL and GROUP discussion workshop are suggested to improve educational quality.

Improving quality in any educational system requires awareness of strengths and weaknesses and determining the distance from the specified goals. The INTERNAL EVALUATION process is capable of identifying the strengths and weaknesses, analyzing the results and providing appropriate solutions, and advancing the educational system towards the desired goals. The main purpose of this research is to accurately describe the current situation of the Arabic language teaching department of Hazrat Masoumeh Faculty of Farhangian University of Qom, the ideal situation, identify the strengths and weaknesses of the GROUP and provide suitable solutions to reach the ideal situation. The statistical population studied in the current research includes 3 sub-populations (department director, faculty members and expert students). The set of measurement tools used in the research are questionnaires related to the GROUP manager, faculty members and students. The judgment regarding the measured components in this research was done in four levels: excellent, good, average and weak. The results of the research showed that among the six factors evaluated by the GROUP, four factors (goals, organizational position, management and organization of the GROUP), (students), (teaching-learning strategies) and (educational fields and curricula) in Good condition and two factors (teachers) and (educational and research facilities and equipment) are in average condition. The overall quality status of the GROUP is at a good level with the realization of 65.73% of the desired goals in the six evaluated factors.

Sound is one of the forms of mechanical energy and the two main characteristics of sound are intensity or power and frequency or wavelength of sound.their performance against the incoming sound wave, industrial silencers can be divided into two general GROUPs of resonating and absorption silencers, the main difference between these silencers is the release of sound energy from the channeling system, which is one of the common examples of the use of resonating type silencers, their use in It is the INTERNAL combustion engines that distinguish absorption silencers from the resonator type based on the fact that the main and visible part of the act of muting the sound is achieved by changing sound energy to heat energy.The goal of this article is to design a muffler based on the breaking of sound frequencies resulting from the movement of fluid in the exhaust output of vehicles, which leads to a reduction of at least 50 db of sound and gives the operator enough peace and concentration. In this article, after examining three types of mufflers, absorbent mufflers that use the properties of porous absorbent material to absorb passing sound and are the simplest form of mufflers, have been selected, analyzed and reviewed and are suitable for the OM457 engine of Idem Industrial Company. It designed for maximum inlet exhaust temperature is 520 and for the maximum kW power is 315 with the maximum discharge relative pressure of 185 mbar for homogenization with the standard atmosphere.

Background and Objectives: Assess of Quality of educational services in universities is a necessity. The aim of this study was application of the INTERNAL EVALUATION in selected educational GROUPs of faculty of medicine in Ilam University of medical sciences.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study in Medicine Faculty of Ilam University of Medical Sciences was conducted in 2008. Sample subGROUPs in learners using simple random sampling and a census in other subGROUPs were selected. Data collected using of valid and reliable five questionnaires for Administrators GROUP, faculty members, students, patients and Library authorities. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics applying spss ver.16 software.Results: The result of INTERNAL assessment components of studied educational GROUPs shows that of among nine components assessed, component of quality of treatment and care of patients with score 3.50±0.51, and research component with score 1.91±0.85, respectively, highest and lowest scores in the assessment of studied GROUPs were accounted.Conclusion: The role of component of Research in Programs of GROUPs was less considered. Recommended authorities and GROUPs directors with using of the ability of students as a potential component and Strengthen the motivation of faculty members to conduct applied research provide the field of educational and research quality improvement in university.

Introduction: The INTERNAL EVALUATION which is done by the members of the different departments is the best way to judge about quality of education and to identify its strong and weak areas. With regard to the important role of EVALUATION in the quality of education, the aim of this study is conducting an INTERNAL EVALUATION of the department of speech therapy in order to optimize the educational quality of the different parts of the department. Material and Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was done to evaluate some variables such as educational goals, optimal leading of the department instrumental and physical equipments, clinical educational environment, and student measures about educational style and teaching quality of practical and theoretical courses of scientific members of the department. To collect data, questionnaires and checklists were provided by the faculty members of the department of speech therapy. These instruments were given to the faculty members (to evaluate themselves) and the students (sophomore and senior students of speech therapy to evaluate the theoretical courses and the junior and senior students were asked to evaluate the clinical courses). After collecting each instrument, results were categorized according to Gourman Scoring Scale. Results: According to Gourman scores, means were obtained from INTERNAL EVALUATION of speech therapy as in follow: Professional - theoretical lessons were in more than satisfied ranking, clinical courses were in good ranking, educational and physical equipments (evaluated by scientific members and students) were in unsatisfied ranking and EVALUATION of head of GROUP and scientific members were in satisfied ranking.  Conclusion: Generally, results showed speech therapy GROUP was in satisfied category. Obviously, to reach an ideal level, we should make some changes, for example, encouraging and strengthening weak areas and maintaining strong areas.

INTERNAL EVALUATION or self-EVALUATION which, is held by professionals as one of the EVALUATION methods, is used in education and research centers. The aim of this kind of EVALUATION is to see the depth of a system's condition and attempt to improve the education and research units, INTERNALly. This paper, while presenting a short review of INTERNAL EVALUATION and external EVALUATION, presents research questions and analyses the output of research. The paper intends to present a method to help the planners and management of such centers to understand and improve the condition of university libraries and information centers.

Introduction: INTERNAL EVALUATION has a key role in the modification and development of the ultimate objectives of an educational department. And the faculty members by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of their department can remove the barriers to their progress and modify undesirable indicators on the one hand and reinforce the strengths to promate their academic status as for as possible. Therefore, the faculty members of surgical nursing department in Rafsanjan university of medical sciences decided to have an INTERNAL EVALUATION of their department in the first semester of 81-82.Methods and materials: In this qualitative study the following aspects were evaluated: the manager, the equipment, the educational environment of the clinics, the students, the lecturers, the lesson plan and the educational planning. The data were collected by questionnaires and the study sample included six lecturers and all their students and also nursing trainees in the fields of clinical education of INTERNAL surgery and critical wards.Results: The manager, the equipment, the students, the lectures achieved the mean of 3.8 which according to Gourmand classification wee ranked as "good". Although the educational performance of the lecturers were rated "high", their research performance was rated "more than satisfactory" by the students. The majority of the trainees and trainees in board rated the available equipment and facilities in the wards as "weak".Discussion: Although the higher education organizations are responsible for decision- making policies m all cases, the department authorities can achieve higher ranks in subsequent EVALUATIONs by removing the barriers and weaknesses and modifying undesirable indicators.

A B S T R A C T Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. “green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green city is one of the sustainable development approaches that reduce the environmental footprint of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation of Mashhad metropolis in terms of the objective characteristics of the green city. In this study, 14 indicators of electricity consumption per capita, green space per capita, population density, water availability, sewage availability, superior public transportation network, urban mass transportation, traffic reduction, annual production waste per capita, carbon monoxide, concentration nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration, particulate matter concentration, and air quality were exerted. To determine the importance of research indicators, the Shannon entropy method, and the status of Mashhad city areas in terms of green city indicators, the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied. The results showed that most areas of Mashhad are average and below average in terms of green city characteristics, and only District 9 is in very good condition (0.636). Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city Extended Abstract Introduction Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. A “Green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green cities constantly try to manage their environmental effects by reducing waste, increasing recycling, reducing air pollution, increasing population density, developing open urban spaces, and encouraging the development of sustainable local businesses. Green cities were first used to evaluate 30 European cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2009 with the financial support of Siemens and the aim of reducing the environmental effects of human activities in cities. In that study, eight indices of carbon dioxide, energy, construction, transportation, water, recycling and land use, air quality, and environmental governance were used. Later, the Economist Intelligence Unit, with the financial support of Siemens, evaluated the status of the green city index in 17 Latin American cities, 15 African cities, 22 major Asian cities, and 27 cities in United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In recent years, even some Western Islamic scholars have, in various publications, shown that Islam is an ecological religion. In Iran, the issue of protecting the environment has not received much attention regardless of its rich cultural and religious background and its confirmation in Article 50 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Mashhad is the second metropolis of Iran, located in North-East of Iran, and is one of the counties of Khorasan Razavi Province. According to the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Census, its population was 3057679 people (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality). In Mashhad, due to several reasons including the presence of Imam Reza Shrine (PBUH) and arrival of millions of pilgrims per year, population growth, increased garbage production (production of 896534 tons of garbage in 2016 (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality), air pollution (increased number of unhealthy days from 46 days per year in 2015 to 88 days in 2016 for sensitive GROUPs and 4 days of unhealthy air for all GROUPs in 2016 (Center for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants of Mashhad Municipality) the 2025 vision of the city has paid attention to the environment in the form of five general objectives; however, just like the national level, no specific pattern for environmentally-compatible urban development, such as green city, is determined. Analysis of the green city index in Mashhad metropolis can considerably contribute to urban managers and planners in addition to providing a pattern for evaluating the present situation in other cities of Iran and improving the quality of life regardless of the current status of the urban environment in Iranian cities; we can preserve these environments as parts of the natural environment for future generations.   Methodology In terms of its goal, the present study is an applied one; in the study, drawing upon other studies and library sources and considering the conditions of Iran and the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city, 14 quantitative indices were exerted. To this end, the required data for the quantitative indices was gathered by library research from the relevant institutions. Next, the weights of quantitative indices were determined using Shannon's entropy. Then, using the VIKOR method of multi-criteria decision-making, the status of various districts of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of quantitative indices of green city was determined. Finally, the map of the spatial distribution of quantitative indices was drawn using the ARC GIS software package.   Results and discussion In this study, to analyze the status of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city features, 14 quantitative indices were used. Considering the value of the VIKOR index ranges from 0 to 1, various districts of Mashhad can be classified into five categories; very satisfactory, satisfactory, average, unsatisfactory, and very unsatisfactory in terms of quantitative indices of green city. The results of the current situation of Mashhad showed that in terms of objective indicators of the green city, District 9 of Mashhad metropolis with a value of VIKOR index of 0.056 is in first place, and the seventh region with a value of VIKOR index of 0.433 is in second place. Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city.   Conclusion Similarly, the results of studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) on Tehran metropolis are indicative of the unsatisfactory situation of Tehran (the biggest metropolis of Iran) in terms of green city features. Comparing the results of the studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) with the present study on Mashhad (the second biggest metropolis of Iran) reveals the necessity for a comprehensive plan toward achieving green cities. It should be mentioned that, due to the specific conditions of Mashhad metropolis and availability or unavailability of the required data, the indices used in the present study are somewhat different from the ones used by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017).   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.     Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific